The Human Age Manpower Essay Example

The Human Age Manpower Essay We create power by interfacing: †¢ the dreams of customers, †¢ the inspirations of individuals, †¢ and what’s now and what’s next in the World of Work. The World of Work inclines that we’ve distinguished are foundationalâ€they’re central to how we act, where we contribute and where we center our idea authority. 3 Navigating the Changing World of Work Manpower’s quest for conveying inventive high-sway workforce answers for upgrade the intensity of the associations and the people we serve is tied down in what we know. In view of our nearby skill and worldwide arrive at we realize that there is an expanding speed of progress happening each day in the manner work is performed. We have recognized four megatrends affecting the World of Work. We didn’t discover these patterns, yet explored them with serious interest. The Demographics and Talent Mismatch is the problem that the two people and organizations are feeling at the present time. As the working age populace decreases and organizations are searching for ability, they’re glancing in a significantly more explicit way, yet people are likewise being increasingly particular when they can. Singular Choice is sneaking in at every possible opportunity. People are practicing their decision as they understand they have the ability to decide on or against a given activity, which thus is expecting organizations to ponder how they pull in, hold and remain pertinent to an ever select gathering of skilled people. Rising Customer Sophistication is occurring no matter how you look at it. The straightforwardness and speed of data trade all through the whole worth chain is making advancement and pressure at each level inside that chain. We will compose a custom article test on The Human Age Manpower explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Human Age Manpower explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Human Age Manpower explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Innovative Revolutions are at the core of practically the entirety of this. Having the ability to change where, when and how we work, empowering associations and people to be increasingly deft and imaginative is going on consistently and we’ve just observed a glimpse of something larger. The World of Work patterns are foundationalâ€they’re essential to how we act, where we contribute and where we center our idea authority. They are drivers of common development at the center of our business just as in our strength regions and outcomebased arrangements. It is our grip of these patterns that gives us the certainty that we are tending to our customers and applicants with genuine arrangements †arrangements that are down to earth, versatile and adaptable. Exploring the Changing World of Work 4 Demographics 5 Navigating the Changing World of Work and Talent Mismatch Demographic and financial movements are quickening the ability confound. The strain to locate the correct abilities in the ideal spot at the opportune time will increment as working age populaces decay, economies bounce back, developing markets rise, and the idea of work shifts. Exploring the Changing World of Work 6 Teachable Fit As the ability bungle develops progressively extreme, the â€Å"teachable fit† is a useful structure that gets major to ability strategyâ€and bosses need an ability system that stays aware of business methodology, yet quickens it. 7 Navigating the Changing World of Work The downturn has illuminated ability gracefully and the board far and wide. Joblessness is steadily high in created and even in many creating nations, yet associations overall report trouble filling key positions. There are insufficient adequately gifted individuals in the correct spots at the correct occasions. At the same time, managers are looking for always explicit ranges of abilities and mixes of aptitudes that will help drive the association forward. Businesses are additionally confronting continuous, fundamental ability shortagesâ€such as those in the social insurance and vitality industriesâ€are not going to fill the holes each recruit in turn. Rather, they should recalibrate their mentalities to consider applicants who may not meet the entirety of the activity particulars, yet whose capacity holes can be filled in an ideal and costeffective manner. The way to progress with this new mentality is the capacity to recognize a Teachable Fit â€Å"teachable fit. † â€Å"Teachable fit† is an idea that centers around four inquiries: †¢ What abilities are fundamental to playing out the activity? †¢ Which of these are workable in a proficient manner? †¢ Is there satisfactory time and cash to build up these abilities in the applicant? †¢ Do up-and-comers have the ability to create them? In any issue of supplydemand unevenness, managers have two alternatives: to wait for the ideal up-and-comer or locate the â€Å"teachable fit. The emphasis here is on expanding the flexibly by changing the employer’s outlook with respect to wellsprings of accessible ability. To fill huge and fundamental ability holes, four potential work pools are promising: area vagrants, industry transients, interior job changers and workforce contestants. Area transients. The worldwide workforce is progressing, and applicants mi ght be happy to move for workâ€especially when the downturn facilitates. Notwithstanding, bosses are as yet figuring out how to gain by this pattern, while numerous administrations are as yet uncertain about whether or how to encourage profitable work relocation. Three-fourths of laborers said they’d consider migrating for a superior opening for work, 33% said they’d be happy to consider moving anyplace on the planet, and Navigating the Changing World of Work 8 Teachable Fit 40 percent said they’d consider moving for all time. Industry vagrants. A few enterprises are cutting their workforces, while others are becoming quicker than the ability gracefully. Consider the ability accessible in low-development ventures that can move into new fields. A portion of these individuals may have profoundly esteemed skillsâ€such s those in deals, money, and managementâ€that need interpretation to another industry. Others may have abilities nearby developing needsâ€such as professionals and field support†Growing Industries ? Training ? Social insurance ? Proficient Business Services Shrinking Industries ? Mining - 1. 5 ?Manufacturing ? Utilities - 1. 0 - 0. 5 0 ?Other Services ? Discount Retail Trade ? National Government 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5 2. 0 2. 5 Average yearly pace of progress (%) 3. 0 3. 5 9 Navigating the Changing World of Work Teachable Fit and require increasingly broad preparing to connect abilities holes. Inside job changers. Regularly the best wellspring of â€Å"new† ability is the individuals as of now in your companyâ€if your association has the prescience and capacity to redeploy them into various jobs or even vocations. Workforce contestants. The underemployed and underskilled are another expected pool, particularly as neighborhood legislative offices and others move to assist them with preparing and different projects to empower their progress into the workforce. Preparing and improvement are the keys to effectively taking advantage of the ability pools recorded above, particularly among the last three gatherings. This is the place the idea of â€Å"teachable fit† comes in. At the point when managers can’t discover up-and-comers with the full scope of aptitudes required for specific positions, they can select applicants who have neighboring abilities with an eye toward filling the holes in their capacities. The significant point here is to see how usable those holes areâ€both as far as specialized aptitudes and up-and-comer mindsetsâ€and at what cost. â€Å"Teachable fit† is a commonsense system that can anticipate how effectively a candidate’s aptitudes holes can be filled. The structure is an expository device that maps the capacities required for a given job against an individual’s probability of addressing those necessities. The capacities are isolated into four gatherings: Navigating the Changing World of Work 10 Teachable Fit Knowledge of business or scholastic controls or ventures. Formal or unequivocal information comes through investigation and is affirmed by scholastic degrees and business accreditations. Casual or implied information comes through understanding and relationship with learned partners. The key here is to perceive the significance of inferred information and the methods for achieving it. Abilities including both â€Å"hard† aptitudes (e. g. , specialized or managerial 11 Navigating the Changing World of Work abilities) and â€Å"soft† aptitudes (e. . , compromise or vital reasoning). Aptitudes will in general be applied and practical. They are gained through training and develop with understanding. Hard abilities can be affirmed by confirmation or apprenticeship. It is fundamental to perceive the significance of delicate abilities, as opposed to concentrating just on co mpetitor appraisals on the simpler to-quantify hard aptitudes. Qualities and Mindset speak to what an individual looks for throughout everyday life and on the jobâ€one’s disposition toward work. These are uncovered through both discussion and conduct and are moderately hard to shape. They are likewise capacities related with occupations. A few employments require more day-in-day-out activity and selfmanagement than others. A few occupations rely upon ceaseless learning and adjustment. The key here is to perceive these significant qualities when characterizing the activity prerequisites. Character and Intelligence are essential attributes. Some Teachable Fit individuals are normally friendly and sympathetic and accordingly regular fits for client assistance jobs; others are the inverse. A few jobs depend vigorously on scientific knowledge, others on union or inventiveness, others on enthusiastic insight and numerous on

#WCEU 2018 Comics w/ ThemeIsle ... Volunteer Roles, After Party, Speaker Sessions

Hello folks! As you presumably definitely know, ThemeIsle will go to WordCamp Europe 2018 as a media accomplice (we referenced it on a few events in our posts). The street so far has a great time; we needed to adjust our motivation a piece and engage in helping the coordinators with the advancement of the occasion, both via web-based networking media and here, on the blog.After doing intriguing meetings with individuals from the arranging team, joyousâ roundups with submitted WordCamp-ers, and even an infographic contrasting all the WCEU versions (from firstâ to current), this time around we have jokes for you! Represented jokes, that is, made by Christian Mirra.Weve been trying different things with funnies for nine months now on our other blog, CodeinWP, and appreciated it for sure. So why not attempt it again here?We love chipping in at WordCamps so much, which is really the motivation behind why we made a three-board funny cartoon just about volunteer jobs. An indication to the authority after gathering and a reference to the speakerâ sessions will be the two stories that will supplement the entire picture. Volunteer RolesIf youve joined the volunteer crew, try to check your set of working responsibilities and calendar before beginning your shifts.Go to topWatching two introductions at onceHave you at any point figured out how to go to all the meetings in an occasion? Most likely not. As per the timetable, numerous extraordinary introductions will beâ happening simultaneously again this year. Additionally, a few workshops were added to the plan, as well. So considerably more occasions will overlap. Go to topParty like film charactersWondering why Han Solo and his companions confused the WCEU after gathering with their own? Since a retro-advanced gatheringâ does sound like something that would be sorted out by your preferred Star Wars characters.And on the grounds that aint no gathering like a #WCEU after gathering, of course. Go to top That is all, individual WordCamp-ers! On the off chance that you like our unique version of these WCEU funnies, give us some affection by means of the remarks area and internet based life, so others can grin as well.By the way, have you figured out how to set your needs yet? Since bunches of magnificent exercises will occur during these three days. Anyway, in the event that our plans impact, we will meet there. 🙂So, top off with eagerness and espresso in light of the fact that WordCamp Europe is going to begin in just a couple of days. Our group will be there chipping in, doing live meetings in the Media Room, going to workshops, helping WordPress develop during Contributors Day, and staying aware of all the parties.But that is simply us. What are your arrangements for Belgrade? #WCEU 2018 #comics w/ThemeIsle ... volunteer jobs, after gathering, speaker meetings

Closed for the storm COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Closed for the storm COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Snowmageddon 2015  is making its way to Columbia University, and Alma is ready for it.  However, the rest of us arent 10 feet tall and made of bronze.  Thus, SIPAs  Office of Admissions and Financial Aid is closed at 3 p.m. on Monday, January 26, and all day on Tuesday, January 27. We  expect  to resume normal operations on Wednesday, January 28. Heres a  fun fact about Alma:  She was sculpted  by Daniel Chester French, whos famous for his statue of Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.  Alma Mater is also the subject of many Columbia legends, including that the first student in every new class to find the hidden owl on the statue will be the class valedictorian! In the meantime, theres plenty of stuff you can review on the Admissions Blog to help get your application into shape. For common application questions and tips, review these blog posts: Help! Your pressing email questions are answered What’s with the GRE/GMAT and TOEFL/IELTS? 4 Tips for Letters of Recommendation 6 Quick-and-Dirty Tips For An Outstanding Admissions Essay More on the Application Essays About the application status page And for questions regarding  our other programs, please contact the following: Financial Aid:  sipa_finaid@columbia.edu MPA-DP Admissions:  sipa_mpadp@columbia.edu MPA-ESP Admissions: Sarah Tweedie at  st2745@columbia.edu PEPM Admissions:  pepm@columbia.edu PhD Admissions: The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences overseas SIPA’s PhD program. You can contact them at  gsas-admissions@columbia.edu.

Essay Cerebral Palsy - 1151 Words

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a condition that affects thousands of people each year. An estimated 764,000 children and adults are afflicted with one or more symptoms of CP. Around 8,000 infants and babies are diagnosed each year and 1,200-1,500 preschool age children are recognized with symptoms of CP (www.ucp.org). This condition is caused by â€Å"abnormal development of areas of the brain that control movement and posture† (www.ucp.org). It can also be caused by damage to the brain (usually because of head injury during the birthing process) or diseases/infections the mother has during pregnancy such as German measles, rubella, bacterial meningitis, or viral encephalitis. Other risk factors may be the loss of too much oxygen during birth†¦show more content†¦It can be quite difficult for the patient to use the muscles needed for speech; this is called dysarthria (www.ucp.org). A lesser-known type of CP that affects 5-10% of patients is called ataxic CP (www.ucp .org). This form affects the patients’ sense of balance leaving them with poor coordination. It is difficult for them to move quickly or make specific movements. Writing and buttoning their own shirt can be a difficult task for people with ataxic CP. A tremor in the body part they are attempting to use can be present as well. CP can also be present as a mixed form. This means the patient can have a combination of each of the previous forms. There are many challenges that come with being diagnosed with any type of cerebral palsy. Children with CP may have a problem controlling the muscles in their mouth. Things we take for granted such as eating and talking can be very difficult for children with CP. They may need assistance eating and may use other forms of communication. Problems with breathing can also affect the child’s ability to speak. Some children with CP also have seizures or convulsions. This can be a result of abnormal brain activity. These seizur es can completely interrupt their activity. They can stare off in space or lose complete control of their body. Medication is prescribed to those that need it. Children withShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cerebral palsy1449 Words   |  6 Pages Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy refers to a group of chronic disorders that involve degrees of brain damage that affect body control and movement. The term cerebral refers to the brain, while palsy describes a disorder that impairs the control of body movement. These disorders are not the result of muscles or nerves problems. Instead, they are due to impaired motor areas in the brain that disrupt its ability to control movement and posture. The condition typically appears within the first few yearsRead MoreCerebral Palsy (CP) Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesOverview: â€Å"Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term that refers to a group of disorders affecting a person’s ability to move† (Cerebral Palsy Alliance 2013). The disorder usually does not get any worse; yet it is an irreversible, everlasting illness that does not subside. Cerebral palsy occurs either during pregnancy or after pregnancy as the brain is impaired while in the process of developing. The effects of cerebral palsy are important when factored into a person’s lifestyle because it â€Å"can affectRead MoreCerebral Palsy Essay526 Words   |  3 Pages Cerebral palsy is the term given to a general group of nonspecific neuromuscular disorders that cause behavioral abnormalities. The condition was originally thought to be caused by asphyxia and trauma during pregnancy; however, through extensive research many divisions of cerebral palsy emerged. Such categories include spastic, athetoid, and ataxic cerebral palsy. Today over half a percent of the worlds populati on is subject to this condition of the brain. Two to four out of a thousand are affectedRead More Cerebral Palsy Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesCerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy is a generic term that is applied to a non-progressive motor disorder. Approximately (2).% of children born today will have some form of cerebral palsy (CP). There are four main categories in which CP disorders are placed. First, Spastic syndromes due to upper motor neuron involvement are representative of 70% of CP cases (8). Subgroups of this include hemiplegia (21%), quadriplegia (27%), and diplegia (21%), which is a mixture of quadriplegia and paraplegia (8)Read MoreEssay on Cerebral Palsy1619 Words   |  7 Pages Cerebral Palsy According to the website www.cpal/geocities.org, I found some valuable information to help me with my report about exceptionalities in students. This website was almost like a tutorial that walked step by step through the disability, causes, and treatments. I found that in definition the words Cerebral Palsy are used to describe a medical condition that affects control of the muscles. Cerebral means anything in the head and palsy refers to anything wrong with control of the musclesRead MoreSpastic Cerebral Palsy2067 Words   |  8 Pages Spastic cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that unfolds in the developing brain - either right before birth or shortly after, typically before the child turns one year of age. Head injuries that occur several weeks after birth may also cause spastic cerebral palsy. Spastic cerebral palsy makes up roughly eighty percent of all cerebral palsy cases, since there are other types; spastic is considered to be the most common. Spastic cerebral palsy causes neuromuscular mobility impairment meaningRead MoreCase study (Cerebral Palsy) Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesbegun nursery for the first time, but unfortunately Imogen has cerebral palsy. Nursery is a place she is enjoying attending she is a bright and happy girl who enjoys having peers around her .Her favourite activity is being creative but has difficulty in controlling her body movements with a tendency which makes her body have random action. Her speech is affected and being unable to control her tongue causes her to drool. Cerebral palsy is a condition which has more than one disorder which can affectRead MoreCerebral Palsy Essay1774 Words   |  8 PagesCerebral palsy, also known as CP, is quite prevalent in today’s society and continues to be the most common physical disability. It is estimated that about one in every 400 children born in a developed country will have cerebral palsy (Aspinall, 2007). In the United States, it is estimated that nearly 800,000 children and adults could be exhibiting some symptoms of the condition (Aspinall, 2007). Despite medical advances all over the world, newborn children and infants continue to be diagnosed withRead MoreCerebral Palsy And Its Effects On Children886 Words   |  4 PagesCerebral palsy can vary in severity being either very mild or very severe, it can also impact children differently, meaning it can impact or involve one side of the body or both sides of the body (national library of medicine, 2016). The children diagnosed with CP can have li ttle to no limitations or many depending on the level, type and severity (national library of medicine, 2016). Some children can walk with little to no assistance however, other children may not be able to walk at all or withRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cerebral Palsy1203 Words   |  5 Pagesspecial needs may make cerebral palsy seem like some big, scary disease, but with modern treatments and surgeries, the disorder can be made extremely manageable. Cerebral palsy is a blanket term for impaired or loss of motor function due to damage to an immature brain (Cerebral Palsy). The injury must occur before, during, or immediately after birth to be considered cerebral palsy. Evidence suggests that most of the damage occurs during prenatal development (Bunch 33). Cerebral palsy-causing injuries can

The Importance Of Nurses And Medical Field - 984 Words

In the United States there is always a high need for nurses in the hospitals. There are many things that have changed throughout the years. There has been a great change in the education, a large increase in traveling nurses, and the technology that is helping the nurse and medical field. These large changes are helping the medical field become a better place, and hence improving many hospitals all over the country. These changes have become a necessity for the medical field to become better, and improve patient security as well as their satisfaction with medical attention. There have been several changes that have occurred to make schooling for future nurses better for them, and their patients. The schooling that nurse all undertake have strict rules, and policies that all must obey. Hippa is the protection of patient privacy that all nurse, and other professionals of the medical field must follow. Hippa protects the patient s privacy, and other knowledge of the patient’s medical records remain private. This matter came into effect in 1996. â€Å"Hippa† is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability. It has dramatically impacted the privacy of patients to make them feel more safe in hospitals. This has been a positive change in the security of patient s records secure. Hippa as well as other hands on learning experiences that are given for nurses to practice have made another impact on the increase of the medical field. Nurses have to go to school for two or moreShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Mathematics in the Medical Field Essay853 W ords   |  4 PagesThe medical field is a very interesting career field. There are hundreds of different occupations within this field, including anything from saving a fragile newborn baby’s life to prescribing antibiotics to a relatively healthy adult. No two occupations are exactly alike, but each one is equally important. Although there are several job variations in medicine, they all have at least one thing in common. Every occupation within the medical field relies heavily on mathematics. Elementary mathematicsRead MoreTransition Paper1210 Words   |  5 PagesNR 101 Ethics in Nursing In the world of medical ethics no sector of healthcare has been under more scrutiny and has drawn more phisophical debates, been under review or been a more sensitive and critical part of the healthcare field than the world of ethics in the field of nursing. Nursing is one of the most pivotal aspects of every medical practice in the world. And today the importance of nursing ethics is ruling right up there with the importance of oxygen. It is an irrefutable fact thatRead MoreWhat is Nursing?885 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Nursing is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nursing has been a field in which new rules are being constantly enforced. It is also a field that requires the nurses to constantly review their material in order to be current with the changes in health profession. Nursing has always been around, but in different standards. Nursing began as a basic care and then it gradually expanded into a more critical and in-depth care. There are several definitions of what nursing is, but in my own perspective, I think nursing is the act ofRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1396 Words   |  6 Pagesabstinence from smoking manages it. Medical researchers have conducted novel research to observe the effectiveness of smoking cessation on COPD patients, while some have summarized and analyzed previous research to recommend involvement of nurses in intervention programs. The main aim of research in this field is to measure the severity of the disease and analyze the possible effective ways of reducing the harsh effects of smok ing in COPD patients. Research in this field also draws scholarships from broadRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of The Pediatric Field Of Nursing1316 Words   |  6 PagesNurses working in the pediatric field of nursing are faced with a wide variety of ethical dilemmas. There are many ethical dilemmas that can arise in the work field. Many individuals are having a tough time deciding to vaccinate their children; this in turn can leave society with a huge dilemma ethically. I am choosing to write about not vaccinating your child and why I feel this can be an ethical dilemma. Society today is faced with so many preventable illnesses that can simply be resolved byRead MoreNurses Working Around The Clock Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesNurses, working around the clock to provide care and help to those in need, requiring focus and dedication to their jobs. They have become a staple in hospitals because they do the majority of interacting with patients and doctors. Working twelve-hour s hifts, sometimes longer nurses work with the goal of bettering those in their care. Nurses work in many divisions of hospitals such as Radiology and GI, Gastrointestinal. They can become floor nurses and traveling nurses, moving to different floorsRead MoreEr : Behind The Scenes1508 Words   |  7 PagesSahar Rammaha Professor Perfetto WRT 150 17 November 14 ER: Behind the Scenes For the longest time, the medical field has grown as a part of me. I have been inspired to become a physician since my dad has been a long time patient of type II diabetes and kidney failure. This affected me because as a little girl, I would watch after his health by monitoring what he eats, giving him his insulin shots, and making sure he stays actively up on his feet. My father was the first to detect my natural interestRead MoreImportance of Psychology in Nursing786 Words   |  4 Pages| Importance of Psychology in Nursing Practice | Roles amp; Perspectives | | Author Name | | University Name | It is very important to understand the psyche and thought process of the individuals for the people in Health related profession. That’s why Psychology plays a major role in the professional development of the nurses. This document is a study of the important perspectives of Psychology which are incorporated in Nursing practices. | Table of Contents Table ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Professionalism For A Nurse1212 Words   |  5 PagesFlorence Nightingale has been recognized as the first nurse. Her actions and writings have had a tremendous effect on the nursing field and future nurses 7. Her teachings of strength, care, and perseverance have inspired me while I have pursued a career in Nursing. With her lessons in mind, I have continued to learn several important characteristics while attending my Nursing course this semester. Nursing is a profession that encompasses the importance of professionalism, nursing attributes, and responsibilitiesRead MoreEvidence Based Medicine (EBM) Essay771 Words   |  4 Pages There are varying standards of science when it comes to evaluating and judging the efficacy and progress of each branch of science. With the Randomized Control Study being the gold standard for medical care and the estimated 16,000 of these studies being published yearly,2 it is of the utmost importance to all practitioners of medicine to be educated in and be able to use EBM. The physician assistant discipline of medicine is no stranger to the utilization of EBM as it has been a growing part of

Marine Life Free Essays

As the world population is raising by a significant number each year, we are facing the great problem in finding enough food to feed our entire population. Besides the development of technology in the effort of producing the adequate amount of food, it is true that we are still heavily reliant on our environment by making use of the available resources that nature gives us. The issue is that we are overexploiting the natural resources and ignoring how it might affect us as a society. We will write a custom essay sample on Marine Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now More specifically, in the threats that are facing the ocean, we are overfishing the marine creatures for consuming purposes as well as commercial purposes. To reduce the overfishing problem, quotas have been applied to limit the amount of fish that fishermen can catch each year to maintain a healthy marine environment, known as â€Å"catch shares†. So, how does the existence of catch share really relate to economics? Catch shares describes the technique of managing fisheries, which is dedicated to every individual or organization in charge of catching fish, imposing a limit to the fixed share of fish or fishing areas they are allowed to catch from. Also, the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) is set with percentage of the given limit catch shares divided among the fishermen, known as a â€Å"catch limit†. In order to come up with these terms, the policy makers have to consider the current marginal benefits as well as the current costs. The marginal cost of the traditional fisheries outweighed its marginal benefit when the cost is the damage on our marine life and biodiversity, or the danger in fishermen’s lives and the benefits we receive in fisheries is much less. Therefore, the optimal decision is made with the presence of the catch shares to reduce the marginal cost by limiting the fisheries to reserve the biodiversity; also indicating the fishing season so that the fishermen would not have to face the severe weather conditions. Catch share policy not only brings positive effects on marine life but also brings great positive economic effects on the fishing industry, including fishermen. Traditional fishery based on limited fishing seasons with restrictions, as well as limited licenses, often pushes to a race-to-fish which leads to overexploitation when they tried to catch as many fish as possible in a short period of time and put themselves in risky situations. It happens because the marginal cost of the fishery is so high with the cost of supplies such as fuel, bait and the danger when fishing in the bad weather conditions, therefore, they tend to capture as much fisheries as they can. It sometimes leads to the case in which the supply of fish is much greater than the market demand, causing excess waste of fish catch. Now, with the catch shares, the fishermen can decide when to go fishing based on the demand of fish in each season of the year. The catch shares create an incentive for fishermen to maximize the value of fisheries, instead of maximizing the number of fish that they catch. The fisheries, then, have a higher quality which results in a better price in the market. It also avoids the catch of unnecessary creatures – known as bycatch – in the ocean. Furthermore, catch shares help raise the price of fisheries in the market. As the supply curve decreases due to the limited amount of fish that the fishermen can catch, the shift in the supply curve causes the new equilibrium, which has a smaller equilibrium quantity and higher price equilibrium. This means that it causes a shortage in the market and consumers are willing to pay more. Therefore, the fishermen receive a better price after the catch shares are implemented, and they are also more likely to follow the reserve policies. In addition, catch shares are allowed to be bought and sold among the fishermen, similar to the way the stock shares work. The higher the demand in the fisher market, the higher the price of the catch shares are. Therefore, when the demand of fisheries is high, the price of the catch shares is pushed so high that the high cost of shares has made it very difficult for people with little access to capital like coastal residents. It leads them to the threat of losing their job. In order to go fishing, the fishermen have to purchase bait, fuel and other needed supplies, but their opportunity cost is that they also relinquish the opportunity to earn income through activities other than fishery. So, if the opportunity costs are high – that is, if there are better opportunities to earn income from elsewhere – fishermen are less likely to oppose the proposition of a reserve, especially when there are long-term benefits to its creation, for example, future stock enhancements outside its boundaries. However, if opportunity costs are low and there is an uncertainty in long-term benefits that are perceived, opposition is likely to be high. Economically, the proposition of catch shares affects the fishing market in decisions made by analyzing the marginal cost and benefit, the opportunity cost, marginal analysis, and the analysis of the supply and demand of the fisheries market. Bibliography Catch Share Indicators. â€Å"Measuring the Effects of Catch Shares.† Accessed August 30, 2018. https://www.catchshareindicators.org/home/. Environmental Defense Fund. â€Å"How Catch Shares Work.† Accessed August 30, 2018. https://www.edf.org/oceans/how-catch-shares-work-promising-solution. Grimm, Dietmar, Ivan Barkhorn, David Festa, Kate Bonzon, Judd Boomhower, Valerie Hovland, and Jason Blau. 2012. â€Å"Assessing Catch Shares’ Effects Evidence from Federal United States and Associated British Columbian Fisheries.† Marine Policy, no. 3: 644. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X11001643. Leschin-Hoar, Clare. 2016. â€Å"Study: Program to Protect Fish Is Saving Fishermen’s Lives, Too.† National Public Radio, February 16, 2016. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/16/466612148/study-program-to-protect-fish-is-saving-fishermens-lives-too. Metler, David, dir. Rotten. Season 1, episode 6, â€Å"Cod is Dead.† Aired January 5, 2018, on Netflix. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Es4WqtqruEp0m8CdvdM_asuIUT4dnC0c/view. Parmalee, Peter. â€Å"†Catch Shares† Save Fish Populations–and the Fishing Industry.† Scientific American. Accessed September 27, 2018. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/catch-shares-for-saving-fish-populations/. Reed, Matthew P. 2017. â€Å"Protecting Fish and Fishers: Economists Say Catch Shares Work.† Mongabay, June 29, 2017. https://news.mongabay.com/2017/06/protecting-fish-and-fishers-economists-say-catch-shares-work/. Smith, Martin D. 2010. â€Å"†Opportunity Costs† Shape Fishermen’s Response to Marine Reserves.† Duke Nicholas School of the Environment, February 21, 2010. https://nicholas.duke.edu/about/news/†opportunity-costs†-shape-fishermen’s-response-marine-reserves. The Economists. 2008. â€Å"A Rising Tide.† September 18, 2008. https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2008/09/18/a-rising-tide. The Economists. 2012. â€Å"How to Stop Fishermen Fishing.† February 25, 2012. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2012/02/25/how-to-stop-fishermen-fishing. Tripp, Emily. 2013. â€Å"Catch Shares: What Are They and Will They Work?† Marine Science Today, April 9, 2013. http://marinesciencetoday.com/2013/04/09/catch-shares-what-are-they-and-will-they-work/. How to cite Marine Life, Papers

Conclusion Of Global Warming Essay Example For Students

Conclusion Of Global Warming Essay CLIMATE PLAN IS CRITICIZED AS A RISKY BETPresident Bush is involved in a new topic for once other then the topic of war or terrorists. President Bush has recently re-entered in to the global warming debate by presenting a new plan to override the Kyoto agreement that President Clinton signed in 1997. The Kyoto agreement was a treaty that was put in to effect to dramatically lower greenhouse gas emissions in 37 different countries. The most popular greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor. A build up of these gases is caused by global warming, which is an increase in the earths temperature. This temperature increase is due to the use of fossil fuels and other industrial processes. Human activities are responsible for a significant amount of fossil fuels put into the atmosphere. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are responsible for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions. Increased agricultu re, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining also contribute a significant share of emissions. In 1997, the United States was responsible for almost one-fifth of the total greenhouse gases in the world. The debate between science and economics play a large part in the decision on how to attack this problem of global warming. Of course the government wants to lower the rates that we release greenhouse gases, but they have to be very carefully how they attack the problem as President Bush has learned. In the article it explains how Asian and European countries are criticizing President Bush because he has abandoned the Kyoto treaty. The decision by Bush was made because the President felt that Kyotos plan was harming the U.S. economy. The plan he has brought forth offers incentives to businesses to voluntarily reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 4.5% over 10 years and to reduce power plant emissions. Bush claims that these changes in the fight against greenhouse gas reduction are more realistic goals with less damage on the U.S. economy. Other countries are still worried about scientific concerns that climate change could lead to sever floods and droughts, rising sea levels and an increase in malaria and respiratory disease. Parties are also criticizing the plan because Bushs plan is not mandatory, but it is voluntary concluding that companies will not be willing to change their ways. Some people who are in favor of Bushs new policy are scientists who are not convinced that global warming is a serious long-term effect. These same scientists are claiming that short-term aggressive moves would harm the economy and waste resources that could be used to solve other problems. After all is said, Bushs policy is indeed to help the economy as well as the environment. But not all will be happy with the amount emphasis placed on the environment and at the same time some people will feel even more emphasis should be put on the economy. Government agencies such as the EPA, (Environmental Protection Agency) and other federal agencies are engaging the local, state, and federal governments, to engage in partnerships based on a win-win situation aimed at addressing the problem of global warming a long with strengthening the economy at the same time.BibliographyCrossette, Barbara. (1998). Nuclear Suspicions Cling to Iraq in Latest Report. http://search3.nytimes/nuclearweapons.html 2000, May 12. Schemo, Diana Jean. (1997). In Brazil, a struggle to save Rainforest. http://search3.nytimes/search/daily/destruction of environment.html 2000, May 12. Woolf Ph. D, Linda. Holocaust and Genocide Studies. http://www.webster.edu/woolflm/holocaust.html 2000, May 12.

Acid Rain Essays (1229 words) - Environmental Chemistry, Smog

Acid Rain Pollution comes in various forms. Whether it's toxic waste, CFC's, or sewage, they are all hazardous, to the earth. These can deplete the earth and it's inhabitants of resources, causing a harmful change. A product of pollution is acid rain. We shall see that acidification is harmful to all forms of life. Acid rain is any form of precipitation that is polluted by sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). This acid precipitation can be in the form of rain, snow, sleet, fog, or cloud vapors. The acidity of substances dissolved in water are measured by their pH levels. Normal precipitation pH levels fall between 5.0-5.6.2 When levels fall below these numbers, then the precipitation is said to be acidic. There are two ways in which acid deposition can form. The first way occurs when nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide land on the Earth's surface, and interact with frost or dew. The second way takes place due to the oxidation of nitrogen oxides or sulphur dioxide gases that are released into the air.3 Since it may take up to several days for the gases to be altered into their acid counter-parts, the pollutants can travel miles away from their original source. Emissions of (SO2) are responsible for the majority of the acid deposition, which falls to Earth. When we burn coal, we are releasing (SO2), into the air, since coal is slight made up of sulphur. Volcanic eruptions can add a great deal of sulphur into the atmosphere. Everyday organic decay adds sulphur into the air as well. (SO2) can hit the Earth's surface in dry forms or wet forms, by undergoing the following reactions: (SO2 + H20 *** H2SO3) (SO2 + ?O2 *** SO3 + H2SO4)2 Human activity is the major cause for nitrogen oxides' presence in our atmosphere, such as forest fires and the combustion of oil, coal, and gas. The other causes are due to nature. Lightning, volcanic action, and bacteria in soil are just to name a few. The following chemical reactions show how acids of nitrogen form: (NO2 + ?O2 *** NO2) (2NO2 + H2O *** HNO2 + HNO3) (NO2 + OH *** HNO3)2 Acid rain can affect plant life directly when the surface of leaves and needles come into contact with acid vapor or fog. This causes a reduction in the tree's ability to withstand the cold. A direct result would be the tree's incapability of reproduction. It can also harm plant life indirectly, by the acidification of soils. Acid rain can cause soil to loose nutrients such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium. In very acid conditions, aluminum becomes soluble, and is released from the soil. At high enough concentrations, aluminum can cause damage to roots. Acid rain causes a nutrient imbalance, in soil. Although it is true that nitrogen promotes forest growth, plant life also needs other nutrients. Precipitation polluted by nitrogen can contain heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead. This process is known as nitrogen saturation.1 These too, can cause damage to tree roots. Besides trees, plants are also affected by acid rain. Reductions in pH levels can cause seed germination to be inhibited. Plant structures become weak, due to the loss of nutrients to the plant's tissues.4 Flowering of certain plants may not occur due to lack of essential minerals. Marine life is also greatly affect by acid rain. Acid water can leach high levels of aluminum from the bedrock. Rocks that contain great amounts of calcium or magnesium can act as a neutralizer. Those rocks and soils that lack some sort of buffers can cause grave damage to marine fish and plants. There are two ways in which aluminum can harm aquatic environments. It can cause a fish to suffocate, because aluminum precipitates in gills, thus interfering in the transport of oxygen. Secondly, fish produce mucus to combat the aluminum, in their gills. The mucus then builds up a clogs the fish's gills.5 In middle latitudes many bodies of water experience what is called "acid shock."4 Over the winter acid deposits can build up on snow. As the snow melts, the acids are released. Most fish can survive shock, but their eggs cannot adapt to acidification. When there is a change in the chemistry of water, the ecology of the water begins to change. The number and variety of species are altered. At a pH level of 6.0 certain types of zooplankton and green algae begin to disappear. The loss of green plants allows more UV light to penetrate to further depths, so certain

The eNotes Blog Reading Round-Up January

Reading Round-Up January We asked everyone in the office to talk about their favorite books from the last month. Take a look at our favorite reads from January, and let us know in the comments which books youll be adding to your to-read list. From nonfiction to comedy to graphic novel, theres something for everyone here! Washington Black by Esi Edugyan Page count: 339 Genre: Historical Fiction Publish date: 2018 Washington Black, narrated by an enslaved 11-year-old boy named Washington â€Å"Wash† Black, begins on a sugar plantation in Barbados. After witnessing unspeakable brutality on the plantation, Wash is able to escape on a hot-air balloon with the assistance of the master’s younger brother. His escape is the start of a lifelong adventure around the world that exposes Wash to a whole new realm of science and discovery. Its a deeply heartfelt story that leaves the reader with a new perspective from which to see the world and a realization that â€Å"everything has value. Or if not value, at least merits investigation.† - Heather, Customer Service Less by Andrew Sean Greer Page count: 273 Genre: Fiction Publish date: 2017 This January, I read Andrew Sean Greer’s Less, a Pulitzer-prize winning novel full of wit, heart, and humor. This cleverly crafted novel stars a man named Arthur Less as he decides whether to attend his ex-boyfriend’s wedding. Fearing the awkwardness of attending and unwilling to admit defeat by declining, Less devises a plan to skip town by accepting invitations to literary events around the world- what could go wrong? Well, your publisher could drop your new novel, the person you’re interviewing could be violently ill, your jokes could not translate, and your frenemy could be waiting to pounce. Tragic as that sounds, Less is a comedy. From the â€Å"evenings with Arthur Less† to the delightfully overconfident way he speaks German, I was laughing out loud from the start. And underneath the humor, Greer’s novel explores an all-too-common fear: growing old, being alone, and wanting to be loved. Part satire, part love story, and all heart, Less should be the next book you pick up. - Wes, Managing Editor Middlesex by Jeffery Eugenides Page count: 529 Genre: Fiction Publish date: 2002 Middlesex is a book that had been on my radar for a while. When I stumbled across a copy of it at Goodwill, I had to see why it was worthy of Oprah’s praise and a Pulitzer. In my opinion, Jeffery Eugenides’s writing style is absolutely captivating. Embellished in striking metaphors and witty remarks, Eugenides’s novel gracefully transforms a multi-generational family saga into a modern-day Greek drama. The narrator and protagonist, Cal Stephanides, invites readers along an intimate journey of self-exploration through the moral dilemmas and twists of fate that have shaped his identity. This story is an intoxicating hybrid of genre and culture that parallels Cal’s own experience as a hermaphrodite, a hybrid of two genders. Overall, Middlesex is a thoughtful read and powerful reminder that we have the ability to choose who we want to be, regardless of where we’ve come from. - Savannah, Social Media Manager Tribe by Sebastian Junger Page count: 182 Genre: Nonfiction Publish date: 2016 If you’ve followed along with some of our previous book recommendation blogs, you won’t be surprised to learn that I usually stick with fiction. This month, however, I stumbled across Tribe and ended up loving it. Simply put, Junger explains how modern society- in exchange for technological and medicinal advances- has removed our ability to bond in the egalitarian, close-knit communities in which humans evolve to thrive. The book is jam-packed with research and always takes an objective stance, so I finished it not with an opinion of how we should or should not live as people, but instead with a better understanding of why chronic loneliness and mental illness have become so prevalent in today’s society. - Kate, Marketing Coordinator Where’d You Go, Bernadette By Marie Semple Page count: 330 Genre: Fiction Publish date: 2012 After reading Democracy Hacked: Political Turmoil and Information Warfare in the Digital Age and Smoke Gets in Your Eyes: And Other Lessons from the Crematory, I needed something a bit light(er) and not non-fiction, as you can image. So, I decided to pick up Whered You Go, Bernadette  by Marie Semple after seeing it on the Local Authors shelf at our friendly local bookstore  The Elliott Bay Book Company. Whered You Go, Bernadette  is a comedy novel set in Seattle and published in 2012, about Bernadette Fox, a witty and slightly agoraphobic architect, who goes missing after her husband tries to get her committed to a facility. It is narrated by Bernadettes 15-year-old daughter, Bee, as she tries to cobble together the moving parts that lead up to Bernadettes disappearance. I realize this summary sounds a bit bleaker than the actual plot- but this book is equal parts sweet and amusing. Semple, who is a Seattle resident and was a writer for Arrested Development, perfectly captures the laugh-out-loud (and deserved) snark toward Seattle drivers, mega-tech corporations like Microsoft, and PTA parents with maybe a little too much time on their hands. It was an enjoyable read and I really look forward to the movie coming out later this year, starring Cate Blanchett(!) as Bernadette. - Samantha, Head of Marketing The Prince and the Dressmaker by Jen Wang Page count: 288 Genre: Graphic Novel, YA Publish date: 2018 The Prince and the Dressmaker is a coming-of-age story about identity, friendship, hard work, and beautiful dresses. It’s also possibly the sweetest love story I’ve ever read- I was reaching for the tissues by the end of Frances and Prince Sebastian’s tale. Not to mention that Jen Wang’s art is some of the most sumptuous I’ve ever seen in a graphic novel: you can almost feel the fabric of Lady Crystallia’s gowns and taste the French pastries. Grab a copy of this book, cozy up with a cup of tea, and prepare to feel your feelings. - Jules, Editor

History of African Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of African Americans - Essay Example In order to represent the black population, a number of terms have used in the history of United States such as Blacks, Africans, Afro- American, colored, Negro and the African American. Actually the accurate proportion of these African Americans is not known in the existing population of United States. During past three centuries a remarkable racial mixture took place in United States, not only with the people having African ancestry but with other ethnic backgrounds as well such as Europeans and Indian descents. In times gone by, the major approach about ethnic group association within the United States was that people bearing some colored African descent were believed to beAfricanAmerican. Laws have also been formulated in some parts of United States just like in antebellum South, in order to define ethnic association in this regard, by and large, to the disadvantage of non- Caucasian. Notably, though, those physical traits and descent backgrounds are merely a fraction of actual r easons that have placed African Americans separately as a diverse group. (Gilbert, 2009) Over a period of about 350 years, from the early 1500's to the mid-1800, slave traders forcibly transported approximately 12 million Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Of this number, about 8 percent, or approximately 1 million, were brought to North America (after 1619). The rest went to the islands of the Caribbean and the shores of Central and South America. European slave traders working out of western Africa collected the slaves. They took millions of Africans in exchange for guns, iron, beads, silks and other cloths, knives, basins, mirrors, and the like. The slaves were sold to colonial plantation owners in the Americas. (Baldwin, 2008) Outcomes The outcome of this phase was that even without the legitimate status and negative impacts of the local trade of slaves, the African American Families managed somehow to retain the conventional aspects of the ways which arranged the relationships between the elders and children. The influences of the African religious beliefs, customs and traditions were quite obvious, which were reflected by a prominent level of religious activities among the slaves, this also helped to distinguish their point of view about themselves from their owner's. These deep rooted relations with the religion enabled the blacks to establish a number of churches outside the South and later created the black Baptist churches due to the further divisions within Protestantism. Apart from the above the another significant quantifiable measure was the African Methodist Episcopal Church, founded by Richard Allen in Philadelphia and 1787, which was previously referred to as the Free African Society. (Baldwin, 2008) Religious Intolerance The religion in 17th century was a comprehensive power that assisted community to suffer the adversities and forfeits of everyday living in community. Moreover, colonial religiosity

Information privacy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information privacy - Coursework Example However, of the 3 top email providers in the country, only Yahoo ended up having their privacy policy being challenged the American court of law. The reason? Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth was killed in Iraq on November 13, 2004. His grieving parents wanted to access his email account, which was held by Yahoo in confidence so that they could have some sort of closure and learn what the final days of their son was like. They approached Yahoo with their request and were declined by the company based upon their privacy policy. The parents then took the company to court in order to compel them to turn over the emails of their son based upon their right to their sons things as his parents. The case then became something for the U.S. courts to decide. Who should be given access to Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth's emails? Is it alright to violate the trust that he gave Yahoo mail simply because he is now dead and will never know what they did? This paper hopes to delve deeper into the pri vacy concerns surrounding the case and hopefully answer the question as to whether it was right for Yahoo to have eventually turned over the emails of Ellsworth to his parents. ... After 90 days of inactivity, Yahoo deletes the account... there are important reasons why we feel it is important to uphold the preferences that are part of the agreement we have with our users regarding their privacy. â€Å" â€Å" (Hu, 2004) It is important to remember that Yahoo has a binding contract with Justin that stands legally even in the event of his death. As such, this would mean that the privacy of his emails shall be protected from all prying eyes. Specially since Justin did not die with a will that explicity allowed his parents access to his private email account. Therefore, Yahoo does have the right to withhold access to his email account even from his parents. However, the courts of the United States saw things otherwise and on April 21 2005, Yahoo was compelled to turn over the emails in Justin's account to his parents. This despite the company policy that was set into place to prevent such actions from taking place. Although Yahoo lost the battle in court, there is nothing in the ruling that would compel Yahoo to change their ruling pertaining to email privacy of the deceased. (Olsen, 2005) Yahoo turned over certain emails to the Ellsworths, emails which they felt were not sensitive in nature and thus would not violate the privacy policy and trust that Justin had placed in Yahoo services. The Ellsworths were expecting all of their son's emails but accepted the documents that Yahoo provided to them anyway. At least it gave them some sense of closure and gave them a peek into the last living days of their son. In my opinion, the courts should not have compelled Yahoo! Mail to turn over any of the emails to the

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay

Analysis Of The UV Visible Spectroscopy Biology Essay Purpose of this term paper is to describe working principle, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis of the UV-Visible spectroscopy which is also known as electron spectroscopy. In working principle, Beer-lambert law correlate absorption of light to concentration of substance in solution. Parts of UV-Visible spectrometer have been described. Data analysis and data collection section describe how data collected by system and what type of information we can get from the data collected from UV-Visible spectroscopy. In the end we conclude what we learn from the project. Introduction: In spectroscopy, matter is been exposed to radiative energy (light, high energy electron, high energy ions etc.), at that time it can interact with matter according to atoms or molecule are present in system. Depending on its interaction with material gives different information about the matter. In short, spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. Absorption, emission, elastics scattering, inelastic scattering are major interaction between radiative energy and matter. In absorption, radiated energy is absorbed by matter. In emission, electron will excite and goes to higher energy level, then when it goes to ground state it will emits electromagnetic waves. When electron and radiative energy interact, but they dont exchange energy, this type of interaction are called elastic scattering, and if electron and radiative energy exchange energy, then this type of interaction are called nonelastic interaction. The selection of the spectroscopy to analysis the sample is depending on what is present in the sample. For example, if atoms of sample are targeted to analysis, X-ray spectroscopy and XRF (X-ray fluorescent) are useful. If molecules of sample are targeted to analysis, Infrared, Raman, visible, UV-visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy are useful. Raman and Infrared spectroscopy are complementary to each other. Same way, UV-visible spectroscopy is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy. UV-Visible spectroscopy usually used for quantitative analysis of different molecule like transition metal ions, highly conjugated organic compound, and biological macromolecule. UV-Visible spectroscopy use UV light and visible light for analysis of sample. Range of Visible light is 400nm to 800nm. Where UV light has range from 400nm to 200nm which usually used in spectroscopy. Energy associate with 800 nm visible light is 36 kcal/mole. Energy associated with 400 nm visible light is 72 kcal/mole. UV light used in UV-Visible spectroscopy is up 200 nm because smaller then this range it is difficult to handle. So, UV light which has energy less than 200 nm doesnt use frequently. UV light which has wavelength 200 nm, energy associated with it is 143 kcal/mole. Figure 1: Energy band diagram of molecule here it shows HOMO and LUMO (bonding and anti-bonding) energy level Figure 1 is showing general energy band diagram which has energy level HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital), LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). HOMO is also known as bonding energy level. And LUMO is also known as anti-bonding energy level. In this diagram, shows some exciting possibility in molecular electron from lower energy orbital to higher energy orbital. However, from UV-Visible spectroscopy, electron gain only enough energy to excitation from à Ã¢â€š ¬ (bonding) to à Ã¢â€š ¬* (anti-bonding) energy level or from n (non-bonding) energy to à Ã¢â€š ¬* (non-bonding) energy level. For other excitation, it will require even higher energy that UV or Visible light can provide. So, using UV-Visible spectroscopy we can measure first two left hand sides to excitation from diagram. UV-Visible spectroscopy is also known as electronic spectroscopy because it measure absorption of light by electron. When sample molecules are exposed to light having an energy that equals a possible electronic transition within the molecule from HOMO to LUMO, some of the light energy will be absorbed as the electron is promoted from lower energy à Ã¢â€š ¬ orbital to a higher energy orbital like à Ã¢â€š ¬* orbital. An optical spectrometer records absorption at each wavelength and present as graph of absorbance vs. wavelength. Range of absorbance ranges from 0 (no absorption) to 2 (99% absorption) calculate by spectrometer. Here in UV-Visible spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert law has been used to find concentration of absorbing solute in the solution. When a light passes through a solution, due to interaction with material some of the light might be absorbed and the remaining light transmitted through the solution. The ratio of the initial intensity (entering the sample (Io)) and final intensity (exiting the sample (It)) of light at a certain wavelength is defined as the transmittance (T). Most of the time it has been expresses as percent transmittance. And the absorbance (A) of a sample is the negative logarithm of the transmittance. Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate transmittance to initial intensity and final intensity Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate Absorption to transmittance Here, Io is initial intensity (entering intensity) and It is final intensity (exiting intensity), T is transmittance, A is absorption. The absorbance of a sample at a given wavelength is equal to the absorptivity of the substance, path length and concentration of the substance. Value of the absorptivity of the substance depends on the wavelength. For different wavelength, value of the absorptivity is different. The path length is the distance the light travels through the sample. Equation : Beer-Lambert law which correlate absorptivity, path length, concentration of substance Here, is absorptivity of the substance, l is path length; and c is concentration of the substance. Commonly, and l are constant for experiment because depending on material is fix value and experiment length of path (l) is also fix for each experiment. So, using these equations we can calculate the concentration of substance in given sample. Instrumentation: Figure 2: Working principal of UV-Visible spectroscopy [3] Ultraviolet (UV) and Vis light spectroscopy has been shown is figure-1. This device contains UV light source and visible light source, slits, Diffraction grating, filters, mirrors, reference cuvette, sample cuvette, lenses and detectors. Light source: This device has two light sources. Depending on the sample either UV or Visible light source will be used. Using Mirrors light will be concentrated on Diffraction gritting. Usually UV light source has range from 200nm to 400nm, and visible has range of 400nm to 800nm. For UV light source, Hg bulb is used. And For Visible light source, Tungsten is uses. Diffraction gritting and filter: Diffraction gritting converts light source into its component wavelength light. Prism can be used instead of diffraction gritting. Then Created single wavelength light is given to half mirror Half mirror: Half mirror is special kind of mirror which can provide two same intensity output from single input sources. In our device, it will be used to provide same intensity single wavelength light to the reference cuvette, and sample cuvette which contain only solvent. Solvent can also interact with the sample. So it is necessary to measure light interaction with solvent which later can be remove from sample which contain solvent and solute to measure light interaction with solute which is area of interest. Reference Cuvette and Sample Cuvette: In UV- Vis spectroscopy, it is very important to compare intensity to get transmission. Light is passes through the both cuvette. Absorption is done at this stage; level of absorption will depend on the sample and the reference themselves. Lens and Detector: Lenses will be used to focus and magnify the output reference beam (I0) and output sample beam (I). Here I0 should be absorbed just little Detector will be used to detect these signals and convert into electrical signals which can be further understand using software and computer. Figure 3:   Shimadzu 1650PC, UV-visible Spectrophotometer. [2] Data Collection [4] [5]: Instrument was SHIMADZU UV 1601. Absorption of liquid and thin film can be measured by this instrument. Liquid Sample For liquid or solution, cuvette is used. It is required reference solution containing cuvette, and sample containing cuvette. In reference cuvette, it will have only solvent. Using this data, absorption for cuvette and solvent can be understood. Using data of sample containing cuvette, absorption for cuvette, the sample and solvent can be understood. Surface of cuvettes must be cleaned after filling the liquid to make sure surface does not have any dust particles. Using software, Method is needed to be defined. In our Method, wavelength range is 300 nm to 1100 nm; scan speed is medium; sampling interval is 1 nm; scan mode is single. A 1st need to do is measure reference (baseline, solvent only). It is also important that reference cuvette is inserted in reference stage not in sample stage. Mounting of cuvette is very important. Cuvette has two types of surface. Cuvette has two transparent sides and two semi-transparent sides. Transparent sides need to be aligned so light beam can enter and exit from transparent sides. Load the reference sample. Define wavelength range (1100-300nm) scan in software. It will take about 2 min to finish scan for reference. It is also important to do it reference scanning process again if you change the type of the sample, cuvette or solvent. Secondly, low concentration seldibrdge (2.9*10^-6 mole/L) chromophore sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, start scanning button is clicked. Scanning of the sample will also take about 2 min. When scanning is finished new window will appeared and will ask for file name and file description. Now on screen you will able to see typical graph absorption spectrum of seldibrdge chromophore. Computer will assign some peaks. To access this information peak button on screen will be pressed. After that computer will provide table which include Wavelength and Absorption. This table and concentration of the sample is useful to calculate extinction coefficient or molar absorptivity. This calculation will be done by Beer-Lambert Law. Third, high concentration seldibrdge chromophore (2.9*10^-5 mol/L) sample will be loaded in another cuvette and it will be loaded in to sample stage. Concentration is almost 10 times more than low concentration. It will be loaded in to sample stage. In software, start scanning button is clicked. Scanning of the sample will also take about 2 min. Data can be stored by using Data Print Table extension and it will information in notepad. Thin film Sample is dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate. For this process, glass substrate is used as sample. It is very important to not to touch surface of the glass substrates. It is also required to make sure it does not have any dust particles on it. Then load reference sample in reference stage and press baseline button on computer screen. After that, sample is put on sample stage. It is important to orient the sample surface side, so light can directly interact with thin film first rather than glass substrate. Then press start on computer screen. Data table and Spectrum chart will be provide by computer. Data can be saved as the above description. In thin film, concentration is unknown, so extinction co-efficient cannot be calculated. For thin film maximum absorption is important factor. Data analysis: Chromophore is part of molecule which is responsible for its color. So, during UV-Visible spectroscopy electrons in chromophore are interacting with light. Table 1 is giving data about different chromophore. Chromophore may be present in solvent. So, we require selecting proper solvent to measure chromophore of solute. Not all the solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy. For example, oxygen non-bonding electrons in alcohols do not give rise to absorption above 160 nm. So, we can use as solvent for UV-Visible spectroscopy. Common solvent can be used in UV-Visible spectroscopy are Hexane (alkane), ethanol (alcohol), water. However, if we used UV light which has wavelength are lower than 200 nm, then we cant use alcohol because it create very sharp peak. Chromophore Example Excitation ÃŽÂ »max, nm Ɇº Solvent C=C Ethene à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚   à Ã¢â€š ¬* 171 15,000 Hexane Cà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡C 1-Hexyne à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚   à Ã¢â€š ¬* 180 10,000 Hexane C=O Ethanal n  __>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* 290 180 15 10,000 hexane hexane N=O Nitromethane n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* à Ã¢â€š ¬__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬* 275 200 17 5,000 ethanol ethanol C-X X=Br          X=I Methyl bromide Methyl Iodide n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã†â€™* n__>  Ã‚  Ãƒ Ã†â€™* 205 255 200 360 hexane hexane Table 1: Some measured data by UV-Visible spectroscopy. As describe in introduction, using transmittance, we can calculate concentration peak. However, all the data in computer give form of absorbance vs. wavelength or Ɇº vs. wavelength. Sometime value of log Ɇº is taken in place of Ɇº. There are some graph obtain from UV-Visible spectroscopy. Both Ɇº (molar absorptivity) and A (absorption) are changing with different wavelength. Figure-4 is absorbance vs. wavelength graph for C5H6O. Figure 5 is graph of Ɇº vs. wavelength for different conjugate compound which has same chemical formula. In graph, each peak represents a certain excitation. Figure 7 shows two different excitation, first excitation is from à Ã¢â€š ¬ to à Ã¢â€š ¬* and second excitation is from n to à Ã¢â€š ¬*. Both excitations have pick value at different wavelength. For excitation à Ã¢â€š ¬ to à Ã¢â€š ¬*, maximum Ɇº value is around 250 nm. And for excitation n to à Ã¢â€š ¬*, maximum Ɇº value is around 300 nm. From figure 5 and 6 we can say that as number of Chromophore, curve shift to longer wavelength; however number of picks doesnt change if Chromophore is same. However, for aromatics compound, as ring increase, number of pick are increasing. Due to different Chromophore present in molecule, it will effect on maximum absorption wavelength. There different terms are assigned for different type of shift which can see in table 2. Figure 4: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = C Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. [1] Figure 5: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound. [1] Figure 6: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for conjugated compound [1] Figure 7: UV-Visible spectroscopy results for C = C and C = O Chromophore for particular chemical compound at specific pH, and solvent. [1] pH of system is also effect on absorption peak. Diluted Copper sulfate solution is very light blue. However, if you add ammonia which will change pH more than 7, color of solution will change due to change in absorption peak and intensity. Following figure 8, is UV-Visible spectra of phenolphthalein at different pH value. Figure 8: UV-Visible spectra of phenolphthalein (0.103 mmol cm-3) at pH 13 solid light line, pH 9 solid dark line, pH 8 dash light line, pH 4 dashed dark line Nature of Shift Descriptive Term To Longer Wavelength Bathochromic To Shorter Wavelength Hypsochromic To Greater Absorbance Hyperchromic To Lower Absorbance Hypochromic Table 2: Terminology for Absorption Shifts [1] 2 3 1 Figure 8 : Result obtain for Low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (1), high concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore (2), and unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate (3). [4], [5] Wavelength (in nm) Absorption 780 0.604 510 0.103 475 0.101 342 0.174 1063 .001 540 0.085 492 0.097 389 0.060 For low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10^-6 mol/L. peaks and absorption has been shown in following Table. Table 3: Wavelength and absorption for low concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration. [4][5] For higher concentration liquid seldibrdge chromophore, concentration is 2.9*10^-5 mol/L. Absorption of this sample is out of spectroscopy range. So it is required to dilute for further understanding and calculation. For unknown concentration of seldibrdge chromophore dissolved in polymer matrix and applied on glass substrate, concentration is unknown, so further calculation of extinction coefficient cannot be done, but peak absorption can be find. For this sample peak absorption is 0.512 at 808 nm wavelength. Using equation 3, we calculated Ɇº (extinction coefficient or absorptivity) is around 2.1E5 1 / M * cm at maximum absorption. Conclusion: UV-Visible spectroscopy is good for finding concentration or molar absorptivity of of biological macromolecule, organic molecule, transition metal, conjugated organic compound.. However, we need to make sure about pH of system and solvent before taking sample analysis. Using this spectroscopy, we find molar absorptivity or extinction coefficient of 2.9*10^-6 mol/L concentration Liquid seldibrdge chromophore for maximum absorption at given wavelength.

Othello by Shakespeare Essay

This is the beauty of great works of art in any of its forms; humanity does not change. Throughout time, we still and always will appreciate the things that stir our emotions: love, honour, betrayal, courage, sorrow, death. Are you familiar with Shakespeare’s gripping tale of â€Å"Othello†? If so, here is your opportunity to become re-acquainted with this masterpiece while enjoying exceptional acting, adept cinematography and the absorbing tragic tale true to its origin. If you are unfamiliar with the tale, prepare yourself for many mind-blowing twists and turns at the hands and lips of the master evil conniver, Iago. The Plot†¦ Very Simplified: Othello, a respected Army General, secretly marries Desdemona, much to the envy of his friend, Iago. Iago, motivated by jealousy and complete lack of compassion toward others, has â€Å"hatred & jealousy† to motivate his every move†¦ and evil-doings at the mercy of a brilliant manipulator and ruthless rogue means tremendous trouble and sorrow for all. But I get ahead of myself. To begin, Iago awakens Desdemona’s Father with the news of the clandestine joining: â€Å"A dark ram is topping your white ewe†¦. â€Å"Ah! Shakespeare! Desdemona is a lovely and gentle young woman with more than her share of admirers ~ not only Othello, whom she dearly loves, but Iago, who covets her. Others prove to be the tools that Iago manipulates to bring an end to the newlywed’s happiness. With ploys too intricate and devious for most minds to conceive, and certainly too involved for me to detail here, Iago begins his clever and destructive scheme to undermine the couple’s union. As Iago says, â€Å"There are many events in the womb of time†¦ which will be delivered†. Iago manipulates people and events to cast suspicion on Desdemona and make it appear as though she may be having an affair. He uses her own loving spirit and good nature against her: â€Å"I shall turn her goodness into pitch and out of her own goodness make the net that shall unmesh them all†, confesses Iago to the viewing audience! By inference and the planting of false evidence, Iago successfully raises suspicion of a love triangle to Othello. Othello is successfully becoming undone by seeds of suspicion. The plot thickens. And it weaves and bobs and twists and turns and takes us on a delicious yet unsettling serpentine chase through treachery and trickery. This is Shakespeare, after all – a master storyteller! But †¦. what about the production? Is a modern filming of Shakespeare for everyone’s taste? Clearly, no. The Language True to the Bard’s original, â€Å"Othello’s† dialogue comes from the pages of Shakespeare’s work. And it is difficult†¦ at first. The heightened speech of the day is not we are accustom to: there are no short cuts taken – characters express themselves at great length and with great eloquence and wit. And one cannot deny the beauty of the language – delicate even when being bold; polite, even when being brusque. But don’t be prematurely put off by this. Bear with it a short time and it pays off. If you make it past the first five minutes, you may eventually become comfortable, as the rhythm starts to become internalized and soon begins to sound quite accessible. Despite the initial difficulties in comprehension, I became rapt in the plot and the intense concentration required proved to my benefit , as I became completely involved in the drama. The Acting To compliment the language, the acting proves impeccable and indispensable! The characters lend vibrant facial expressions that betray their motives and emotions. In fact, one can say that in any modern version of Shakespeare, average audiences must rely heavily on other cues – like facial expressions and actions, to bring greater understanding to the rapidly moving dialogue and storyline. This version is a great success! I have never been more impressed with Laurence Fishburne’s acting than in this film. In this challenging production, he demonstrated his considerable skill. But Kenneth Branagh , as Iago, was the real scene stealer! Few can do â€Å"ruthless† like Branagh! And, though the role seemed to require less energy and scope, Irene Jacob was convincingly the sweet and gentle Desdemona. The love between Othello and Desdemona is demonstrated so clearly, so unmistakably, that as a viewer, I was angered by Iago’s attempts to destroy it. A good film makes you care! This is a good film! I cared about Desdemona; I was abhorred at Othello’s stupidity for believing the trap set by Iago. It was horrible to watch the jubilant happiness of the new lovers become undone. The perception of the heartbreak to come was intense. I detested Iago for his ruthlessness and hatefulness! All the emotions audiences felt so long ago – they still exist today. What Else? There a couple of scenes that were unusual – when Iago speaks to the camera – to the audience-and I suppose this might have been originally a soliloquy. But they seem very out of place. All of a sudden I was jolted out of my â€Å"suspension of disbelief† and cosiness of the play, by the intrusion of a personal message from one of the actors! On the other hand, Iago, though a cruel character, is a treat to watch as he spins his webs of deception then glances knowingly at the camera. This is one of Branagh’s most inspired roles! Although it has been many years since I read â€Å"Othello†, the film seems to remain true to its original while benefiting from new technology and artistic perceptions. It is a commendation to William Shakespeare (though he doesn’t need it from me) as well as the Director and actors who moved the production from â€Å"theatre in the round† to â€Å"Castle Rock Productions†. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

African American Immigration Essay

Among many of the ethnic groups that experienced a combination of segregation, racism, and prejudice; African Americans is one of the few that is still faced with one or more forms of discrimination today. The majority of African Americans came to the United States from Africa to be slaves, while others are citizens or residents of the United States from partial ancestry a form of the native population. In 1619, the first recorded Africans were recorded in British North America in Jamestown, Virginia, and the numbers began to increase as more English settlers died from harsh conditions and the Africans were brought to work as laborers. In the late 1700s the American Revolution occurred, which landed approximately 3 million Africans in slavery in the United States by the mid-1800s, (Centerwall, Brandon, 1984). In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln declared that all slaves in the United States from a Union were free. Meanwhile the declaration of Africans being free from slavery was joyful event, it was also the beginning of a growing battle that lead to a different approach of discrimination including; segregation, prejudice, and racism. By the 1900s, the African American population increased, which majority of the population lived in the Southern states of the United States. The Southern states enforced the Jim Crow laws, which mandated racial segregation in all public facilities giving white Americans advantages over black Americans in public schools, public transportation, restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains. In order to eliminate the control that white Americans had over African Americans, African Americans began to build their own schools, churches, and communities. Although, African Americans building their own communities was the intention of avoiding the humiliation of the Jim Crow laws, it still didn’t prevent the African Americans from becoming victims of racially motivated violence. African Americans experienced countless acts of violence incidents that lead blacks battered, beaten and even dead in some cases. White Americans begin to form organizations that promoted white power, leading the organizations to practice out violence and destroy African Americans property. A popular white power organization called themselves the Ku Klux Klan and performed acts against blacks that included; lynching cross burnings, physical violence, and house burnings towards African Americans. Although, the Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1867, it has been rumors that there are people that are still secretly members today. African Americans experienced a wider range of discrimination, segregation, and racism more so in the later days but still arise in society today. In a perfect world, no one would be judged by the color of their skin and society would focus on a person’s individual true character. Often times African Americans miss out on opportunities because they are being judged by the color of their skin, rather than their abilities. The United States has tried to provide Americans the rights to equal opportunity, by creating the Affirmative action. The affirmative action eliminates people being granted opportunities based on their race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation or national origin and ensures that minority groups within a society receive equal opportunities. Although, the affirmative action was intended to diminish situations which cause people to participate in different forms of discrimination, but unless it could be fully proven that African Americans were being passed up for jobs, education, income and other forms of advancements there will never be a way to fully prohibit this form of discrimination. Today, there is still unequal opportunities and discriminatory treatment that occurs in the United States especially with African Americans. African Americans were affected by many forms of discrimination that decreased advancement to equal other races in society. They were faced with dual labor market, forcing blacks to work in lower labor market areas. Redlining was enforced by keeping businesses from helping African Americans simply because of the area they lived in. Many African Americans wanted to better themselves by furthering their education, but suffered from institutional discrimination and given less information and aid for education. Knowing the history of the African American struggles on; prejudice, discrimination, and segregation allows me to understand my roots and accomplishments of my ethnic group. Personally the history of African Americans affects me greatly, because it is the combination of struggles that has played a huge role to my advancements and opportunities performed daily. The African American ancestors fought daily through all counts of discrimination helps that allows all groups of different minority groups the same equal rights for advancement opportunities. Although, the majority of the world views of African Americans has changed there are still people that choose to discriminate against African Americans by choosing not to change with the ways of the world and maintain prejudice. Acts of discrimination is performed but not as greatly as many years ago. African American culture has had a rough past journey, but in the long run the majority of the United States has made it possible for all African Americans equal rights and opportunities in life.

Introduction And Trends Of Organizational Time Management

I. Key Issues A. Article Introduction and Trends in Organizational Time Management The Harvard Business Review article, â€Å"Your Scarcest Resource,† addresses the modern phenomenon of the lack of control implementation for managing organizational time. Communication channels including phone calls, meetings, and emails inefficiently exhaust a company’s scarce time, due to a lack of effective management, and ultimately deplete the time they could focus on their customers. Also, decision-making and innovation slackens and this severely impairs the company’s financial health. Although scheduling technologies such as Microsoft Outlook and iCal are employed, the authorization of meetings lacking clear agendas wastes valuable time. Bain Company†¦show more content†¦Third, companies should demand business rationale supportive of all new projects, forcing employees to explain the specific financial value the project could provide to the company and its total cost. Fourth, companies should simplify their organizational structure to encompass fewer layers that will encourage more efficient information flow. Fifth, low-level employees should not be permitted to schedule meetings and their factors in order to preclude the frequent scheduling of discussions that lack clear objectives. Sixth, companies should standardize their decision process to more clearly define who is accountable for vital company decisions. Seventh, companies should establish an organizational culture, promoting time discipline involving factors to include prior preparation for meetings and clear agendas. Finally, organizations should examine factors of employee and executive productivity and provide feedback addressing where time is spent. II. Analysis The article identified the importance of managing a company’s scarce time, as companies typically have controls for managing their capital but are absent of time management controls. Almost 50 percent of executives report that they are not allocating enough time on their strategic objectives, which is concerning (Bevins Smet, 2013). One of the primary controls for managing time