History of African Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of African Americans - Essay Example In order to represent the black population, a number of terms have used in the history of United States such as Blacks, Africans, Afro- American, colored, Negro and the African American. Actually the accurate proportion of these African Americans is not known in the existing population of United States. During past three centuries a remarkable racial mixture took place in United States, not only with the people having African ancestry but with other ethnic backgrounds as well such as Europeans and Indian descents. In times gone by, the major approach about ethnic group association within the United States was that people bearing some colored African descent were believed to beAfricanAmerican. Laws have also been formulated in some parts of United States just like in antebellum South, in order to define ethnic association in this regard, by and large, to the disadvantage of non- Caucasian. Notably, though, those physical traits and descent backgrounds are merely a fraction of actual r easons that have placed African Americans separately as a diverse group. (Gilbert, 2009) Over a period of about 350 years, from the early 1500's to the mid-1800, slave traders forcibly transported approximately 12 million Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Of this number, about 8 percent, or approximately 1 million, were brought to North America (after 1619). The rest went to the islands of the Caribbean and the shores of Central and South America. European slave traders working out of western Africa collected the slaves. They took millions of Africans in exchange for guns, iron, beads, silks and other cloths, knives, basins, mirrors, and the like. The slaves were sold to colonial plantation owners in the Americas. (Baldwin, 2008) Outcomes The outcome of this phase was that even without the legitimate status and negative impacts of the local trade of slaves, the African American Families managed somehow to retain the conventional aspects of the ways which arranged the relationships between the elders and children. The influences of the African religious beliefs, customs and traditions were quite obvious, which were reflected by a prominent level of religious activities among the slaves, this also helped to distinguish their point of view about themselves from their owner's. These deep rooted relations with the religion enabled the blacks to establish a number of churches outside the South and later created the black Baptist churches due to the further divisions within Protestantism. Apart from the above the another significant quantifiable measure was the African Methodist Episcopal Church, founded by Richard Allen in Philadelphia and 1787, which was previously referred to as the Free African Society. (Baldwin, 2008) Religious Intolerance The religion in 17th century was a comprehensive power that assisted community to suffer the adversities and forfeits of everyday living in community. Moreover, colonial religiosity

Information privacy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information privacy - Coursework Example However, of the 3 top email providers in the country, only Yahoo ended up having their privacy policy being challenged the American court of law. The reason? Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth was killed in Iraq on November 13, 2004. His grieving parents wanted to access his email account, which was held by Yahoo in confidence so that they could have some sort of closure and learn what the final days of their son was like. They approached Yahoo with their request and were declined by the company based upon their privacy policy. The parents then took the company to court in order to compel them to turn over the emails of their son based upon their right to their sons things as his parents. The case then became something for the U.S. courts to decide. Who should be given access to Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth's emails? Is it alright to violate the trust that he gave Yahoo mail simply because he is now dead and will never know what they did? This paper hopes to delve deeper into the pri vacy concerns surrounding the case and hopefully answer the question as to whether it was right for Yahoo to have eventually turned over the emails of Ellsworth to his parents. ... After 90 days of inactivity, Yahoo deletes the account... there are important reasons why we feel it is important to uphold the preferences that are part of the agreement we have with our users regarding their privacy. â€Å" â€Å" (Hu, 2004) It is important to remember that Yahoo has a binding contract with Justin that stands legally even in the event of his death. As such, this would mean that the privacy of his emails shall be protected from all prying eyes. Specially since Justin did not die with a will that explicity allowed his parents access to his private email account. Therefore, Yahoo does have the right to withhold access to his email account even from his parents. However, the courts of the United States saw things otherwise and on April 21 2005, Yahoo was compelled to turn over the emails in Justin's account to his parents. This despite the company policy that was set into place to prevent such actions from taking place. Although Yahoo lost the battle in court, there is nothing in the ruling that would compel Yahoo to change their ruling pertaining to email privacy of the deceased. (Olsen, 2005) Yahoo turned over certain emails to the Ellsworths, emails which they felt were not sensitive in nature and thus would not violate the privacy policy and trust that Justin had placed in Yahoo services. The Ellsworths were expecting all of their son's emails but accepted the documents that Yahoo provided to them anyway. At least it gave them some sense of closure and gave them a peek into the last living days of their son. In my opinion, the courts should not have compelled Yahoo! Mail to turn over any of the emails to the